![]() Therefore we evaluated the diagnostic performance of current detection strategies for ROS1-rearrangement in two NSCLC-patient cohorts. ![]() ![]() However, the reliability of such an assay and the comparability of the antibody clones has been debated. To distinguish these rare cases, screening with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ROS1 protein expression has been suggested. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1)-rearrangement respond to treatment with ROS1 inhibitors. Much of this work is devoted to resistance mechanisms and the development of promising new molecules. This review summarizes current knowledge on ROS-1 rearrangement in NSCLCs, including the mechanisms responsible for ROS-1 oncogenicity, epidemiology of ROS-1-positive tumors, methods for detecting rearrangement, phenotypic, histological, and molecular characteristics, and their therapeutic management. More recently developed are ROS-1-targeting TKIs that are active against resistance mechanisms appearing under crizotinib and have better brain penetration. Since 2016, crizotinib has been the first-line reference therapy, with two-thirds of the patients’ tumors responding and progression-free survival lasting ~20 months. It has been demonstrated that ROS-1 is a true oncogenic driver, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting ROS-1 can block tumor growth and provide clinical benefit for the patient. ROS-1 rearrangement is found in 0.9–2.6% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), mostly lung adenocarcinomas, with a significantly higher rate of women, non-smokers, and a tendency to a younger age. The ROS-1 gene plays a major role in the oncogenesis of numerous tumors. ROS1 fusion was more prevalent among younger patients, never‐smokers, and those at advanced node stages. Age, smoking status, and lymph node stage were statistically significantly correlated with ROS1 fusion frequency (all P < 0.05) gender and pathology type were not significantly correlated with ROS1 fusion status after adjusting for smoking status.Īn overall ROS1 fusion frequency of 2.59% was confirmed in this study. Fusion frequency was significantly correlated with age, gender, smoking status (all P 0.05). The average age was 60.89 ± 10.60 years and fusion was detected in 157 (2.59%) patients. In total, 6066 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC and ROS1 fusion test results were enrolled. Associations between ROS1 fusion and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The presence of ROS1 fusion was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR. The study was conducted to investigate the clinicopathological features and prevalence of ROS1 gene fusion in Chinese patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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